Management of simple snoring in adults

The management of simple snoring in adults is reviewed. Snoring is associated with oscillations of the soft palate and adjacent structures, as a consequence of a critically reduced pharyngeal cross-sectional area under conditions of sleep-induced flow limitation. Anatomical and physiological factors resulting in upper airway collapse and snoring are reviewed. The conservative treatment of snoring encompasses weight loss, alcohol and sedatives avoidance, as well as smoking cessation. Nasal obstruction should be relieved, either medically or surgically. If these measures fail, polysomnography should be performed. Patients with obstructive sleep apnoea should be offered nasal continuous positive airway pressure therapy. Uvulopalatopharyngoplasty can be proposed to nonapnoeic snorers, with a good chance of success, as far as reported snoring is concerned. Unfortunately, this has not been confirmed by objective recordings, and long-term results have not been adequately studied.     

浅析提高电主轴可靠性的途径

电主轴目前越来越广泛的应用于金切机床领域,其在设备上的可靠性即显得越来越重要。针对高速电主轴高可靠性的要求,在高速电主轴基本结构的基础上,采用动态的设计方法,计算出电主轴和滚动轴承的动态特性,进而研究轴向预紧力、跨距、转轴各台阶外径以及轴承对高速电主轴临界转速的影响,最终得到合理的电主轴结构;同时,对高速电主轴的润滑、材料、密封、冷却等方面也进行了研究,以实现最优化的设计,从而满足高速电主轴的高可靠性要求。     

STARCH MOBILIZATION AND SUCROSE ACCUMULATION IN THE PULP OF KEITT MANGOES DURING POSTHARVEST RIPENING

Sugar is a determinant for the quality of mangoes, but information about its accumulation is scarce. Although starch can contribute to sugar production during ripening, not much is known about the enzymes involved. This work presents the changes in carbohydrate and enzymes during the development and ripening of Keitt mangoes. Starch disappearance was concomitant to a fivefold increase of sucrose, the most abundant sugar of the ripe fruits. The activities of α-amylase, β-amylase, phosphorylase and isoamylase were detected in the pulp, and while α-amylase increased parallel to the starch content, β-amylase presented a 20-fold increase during ripening. On the other hand, high phosphorylase activity was observed when fruits were still accumulating starch, and lowered during ripening. Isoamylase was detected during development and increased slightly during ripening, which would be in agreement to the expected role for isoamylases as acting on both subproduct of starch synthesis and degradation.

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS

The present work reinforces our previous works that Keitt mangoes do not ripen when attached to the tree. This fact allowed us to study all the starch degradation after mango harvesting which does not occur with the other cultivars. Data obtained in this work reinforce the role of α-amylase, β-amylase and isoamylase rather than the starch phosphorylases on starch granule degradation in mangoes, and the subsequent soluble sugar accumulation.     

基于深度迁移学习的网络入侵检测

为解决网络入侵检测问题,提高检测准确率和降低误报率,提出一种基于深度迁移学习的网络入侵检测方法,该方法使用非监督学习的深度自编码器来进行迁移学习,实现网络的入侵检测。首先对深度迁移学习问题进行建模,然后对深度模型进行迁移学习。迁移学习框架由嵌入层和标签层实现编/解码,编码和解码权重由源域和目标域共享,用于知识的迁移。嵌入层中,通过最小化域之间的嵌入实例的KL散度来强制源域和目标域数据的分布相似;在标签编码层中,使用softmax回归模型对源域的标签信息进行编码分类。实验结果表明,该方法能够实现网络入侵检测,且性能优于其他入侵检测方法。     

完井方式对适度出砂井产能的影响研究

为了完善近几年提出的海上稠油油藏开采新模式中的部分技术——以钻井压裂、适度出砂、电潜螺杆泵为主的钻采工艺配套技术体系,根据不同完井方式（包括裸眼完井、射孔完井、筛管完井等）下钻井压裂井的表皮系数模型和产能模型,研究了不同完井方式下不同技术参数对钻井压裂适度出砂井的产能影响,结果表明,这些参数都不同程度地影响着井筒周围的出砂带物性,进而影响油井产能;在用适度出砂方式开采时,要严格评价完井方式及其技术参数对出砂带物性和产能的影响。     

Bioleaching of heavy metals from wastewater sludge by ferrous iron oxidizing bacteria

Experiments on bacterial leaching of heavy metals from aerobically stabilized surplus activated sludge at the Bortnichi aeration plant in Kiev have been conducted with addition of FeSO₄ ? 7H₂O as a stimulant of iron-oxidizing bacteria. The mechanism of heavy metal leaching involving the ferrous iron oxidation by bacteria with subsequent formation of Fe(OH)₃ was confirmed. This process is accompanied by the reduction of pH level of wastewater sludge that results in leaching of heavy metals.     

Optical properties of ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnTe heterostructures for photovoltaic applications

Although ZnO and ZnS are abundant, stable, and environmentally benign, their band gap energies (3.44, 3.72 eV, respectively) are too large for optimal photovoltaic efficiency. By using band-corrected pseudopotential density functional theory calculations, we study how the band gap, optical absorption, and carrier localization can be controlled by forming quantum-well-like and nanowire-based heterostructures of ZnO/ZnS and ZnO/ZnTe. In the case of ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanowires, which can be synthesized using existing methods, we obtain a band gap of 2.07 eV, which corresponds to a Shockley-Quiesser efficiency limit of 23%. On the basis of these nanowire results, we propose that ZnO/ZnS core/shell nanowires can be used as photovoltaic devices with organic polymer semiconductors as p-channel contacts.     

铝源溶解度和铁含量对FeAIPO-5分子筛结构和形貌的影响

以异丙醇铝为铝源,通过完全溶解或部分溶解制备凝胶,利用水热合成法制备系列不同铁含量的FeAlPO-5分子筛,通过XRD、IR和SEM等手段对合成的样品进行表征,结果表明,FeAl-PO-5分子筛的结构和形貌受铝源溶解度和铁含量的影响.铝源完全溶解后,添加其他试剂合成的FeAlPO-5分子筛易出现密鳞石英相.铁的过量加入也使FeAlPO-5从AFI结构部分转变为密鳞石英相.     

Blue, green and red emissive silver nanoclusters formed in organic solvents

Strongly luminescent silver nanoclusters with tunable emission are directly synthesized in organic polar and apolar solvents. We show that an amphiphilic polystyrene-block-poly(methacrylic acid) block copolymer can be universally used as their support medium. A remarkable similarity in spectroscopic properties is observed between these clusters and charge-transfer organic dyes.